The development of information technology is very rapidly even in the outposts that were once not felt any technology can now enjoy online information service SCARA technology.
Information technology appears as a result of the spread of globalization in organizational life, the rigors of competition, the short life cycle of goods and services offered, as well as the increasing demands of consumer appetite for products and services offered. In anticipation of this, companies are looking for new ground by utilizing technology. Technology is expected to be a facilitator and interpreter. Use of information technology was originally confined to the processing of data. With the development of information technology, almost all activities of today's organizations have been infiltrated by the application of information technology and automation.
Information technology can be defined as the combination of computer and telecommunications technology with other technologies such as hardware, software, database , network technology, and other telecommunications equipment. Furthermore, use of information technology within an organization's information system to provide information for users in the decision making process.
There are various kinds of information systems using emerging information technologies, such asElectronic Data Processing Systems , Data Processing Systems (DPS), Decision Support System(DSS), Management Information System (MIS), Executive Information Systems (EIS), Expert System ( ES) and Accounting Information System (AIS) (Bodnar, 1998). Communication channel that can be used to communicate is a standard telephone lines, coaxial cable, fiber optics, microwave systems, communications satellites, cellular radio and telephone. while the network configuration that can be used to communicate is a Wide Area Network (WAN), Local Area Network (LAN ), and C lient / Server Configurations (Romney, 2000).
EDP is the use of computer technology to organize data processing in transaction-oriented organization. This system is used to process the transaction data that are routine (everyday). This system can not help job-related management decisions. The system is only beneficial to improve the timeliness and frequency of presentation of the report. Fundamentally, EDP is the application of accounting information systems in any organization. Terms of data processing (DP) is actually the same as the EDP.
MIS is the use teknologikomputer to provide information-oriented mid-level management. MIS recognizes the fact that the managers within an organization need information in the decision making process and that the computer-based information systems can help provide information for managers.
DSS is an information system whose data are processed in the form of decision-making for the end user. Because the end-user oriented, then the DSS requires the use of decision models and databaseswith different specific DP system. DSS aimed at providing real data, specifically, and information that is not routinely requested by management. DSS can be used to analyze the current market conditions or the potential market. DSS also can help transform business processes, which are generally the manager makes all the decisions, but with the information technology such as decision support tools ,database access , and software modeling , decision-making became part of every person.
ES is an information system based on the use of knowledge about the field of application-specific knowledge to operate as an expert consultant for the end user. Such as DSS, ES requires the use of management decision models and database specific. Unlike DSS, ES also requires the development of knowledge base and the inference engine . If DSS assist management in the decision making process, then the ES to make the decision.
EIS is an information system that deals with the needs of top management on strategic information in the strategic decision making process. Whereas AIS is a system that provides financial information and non-financial nature for decision makers. The use of information technology in corporate activity such as the value chain can produce some benefits, such as cost savings, accelerated time operations, increase productivity, accelerate time delivery of goods and services to customers, as well as an increase in the value of goods and services that are high on the customer.
One of the information technology that is not less important is the use of Electronic Data Interchange(EDI). EDI is the communication between computers in order to increase the effectiveness and reduce the work that is clerical. Hansen and Hill (1989) defined as the movement of EDI business documents in a structured format between various business partners within an organization. With EDI, the received document can instruct the computer automatically. Integrated EDI provides opportunities for managers to concentrate fully on strategic decision making and improve the ability to control multiple activities.
Technology will continue to evolve. Strong information technology will be a competitive edge for the company and also become an entry barrier (Fasio, 1994). For organizations that want to progress and develop, there is no reason not to use all the technology that can help companies adapt to the environment (Hanscombe, 1989).
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar